В любой среде тестирования автоматизации поиск элементов является наиболее фундаментальным видом деятельности. Мы должны очень тщательно выбирать веб-элементы, чтобы сценарий автоматизации мог обрабатывать статические и динамические элементы для получения стабильных результатов тестирования. WebDriverIO имеет много продвинутых стратегий локатора / селектора Selenium по сравнению с другими системами автоматизации тестирования. Традиционно каждый локатор имеет определенный метод By, который идентифицирует локаторы во время выполнения. Однако WebdriverIO упростил эти методы By, и теперь нам не нужно указывать их явно. WebdriverIO обладает интеллектом, чтобы определить, какой локатор был передан. К концу этого учебного руководства по WebdriverIO вы узнаете, как WebDriverIO преобразует путь стратегии локатора Selenium и насколько легко ее запомнить и написать.
Примечание. Если вы обращаетесь к официальной документации платформы WebdriverIO, вы заметите, что они называли локаторы селекторами. Вам не нужно запутываться, если вы знакомы с некоторыми другими системами автоматизации тестирования в Selenium. Например, если вы работали с локаторами Selenium в Java, то эти локаторы в WebdriverIO рассматриваются как селекторы.
Для простоты понимания я буду называть их локаторами Selenium в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO. Так как это более стандартизированный и привычный термин для автоматизации тестирования с Selenium .
Что такое локаторы селена в WebdriverIO?
Прежде чем мы начнем этот учебник WebdriverIO для локаторов / селекторов Selenium, давайте быстро разберемся, для чего они используются. Локаторы Selenium используются для поиска элементов на веб-странице через Selenium WebDriver при выполнении сценария автоматизации тестирования. Селектор — это команда в Selenium. Библиотека Selenium читает эту команду из сценария, преобразует ее в HTTP-запрос и, наконец, взаимодействует с веб-браузерами, выполняет действия на основе этой команды.
Подробнее: Учебник WebdriverIO с примерами для тестирования Selenium
Стратегии Selenium Locator
Когда вы получите практическое тестирование автоматизации Selenium с помощью WebdriverIO, вы должны знать о правильной стратегии, которая работает для поиска уникальных элементов на веб-странице. Поиск элементов по идентификатору, имени и относительной XPath будет первым выбором для поиска уникального элемента на веб-сайте. Если вы не смогли найти какой-либо из этих способов, рекомендуется выбрать другие типы локаторов / селекторов Selenium.
Если вы выполняли тестирование автоматизации Selenium с Java, вы могли использовать методы findElement () и findElements (), чтобы найти селектор из DOM. Тем не менее, WebdriverIO предлагает уникальный способ тестирования Selenium с WebDriverIO. С WebdriverIO вам не нужно упоминать стратегию локатора Selenium, поскольку она автоматически поймет, какие типы стратегии локатора следует использовать. Мы рассмотрим каждый Selenium Locator в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO. Прежде чем перейти к практической демонстрации, обязательно запишите нижеприведенные методы поиска элементов в WebDriverIO:
$ (): Один знак доллара используется для поиска одного веб-элемента
$$ (): двойной знак доллара, используемый для поиска нескольких веб-элементов
Помимо этих двух методов, WebDriverIO поддерживает другие методы, которые,
custom $ (): используется для поиска пользовательской стратегии для одного веб-элемента
custom $ (): используется для поиска пользовательской стратегии для нескольких веб-элементов
реагирует на $ (): используется для поиска одного компонента React по его имени, и он получает фильтр по реквизиту и состоянию
реагировать $$ (): используется для поиска кратных компонентов Реактива по их заданному имени, и он получает фильтр по реквизиту и состоянию
Примечание: команда реагирует на действия $ и реагирует только на приложения, использующие React v16.x
Как найти веб-элемент в браузере?
Чтобы найти веб-элемент в браузере, пользователь должен перейти к инструментам разработчика браузера, нажав F12 в окнах и опцию + command + i в операционной системе Mac или щелкнув правой кнопкой мыши веб-сайт и выбрав опцию проверки.
Инструменты разработчика браузера
Открыв инструмент разработчика, вы можете увидеть HTML-теги на вкладке «Элементы». Эта вкладка HTML вызывает элементы DOM. Чтобы найти определенные веб-элементы, выберите значок селектора (перед вкладкой «Элементы») и наведите курсор на элемент, который вы хотите найти в DOM.
Лучшие 16 советов по использованию Chrome Dev Tools для кросс-браузерного тестирования
Список локаторов селена в WebDriverIO
Теперь, когда вы хорошо разбираетесь в локаторах Selenium, давайте рассмотрим различные типы локаторов Selenium в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO. Ниже перечислены поддерживаемые селекторы WebdriverIO.
- CSS Query Selector
- Текст ссылки
- Частичная ссылка
- Элемент с определенным текстом
- Название тэга
- название
- XPATH
- МНЕ БЫ
- Функция JS
- Селекторы цепей
- Реагировать селекторы
- Пользовательский Селектор
Используя методы $, $$, Custom $, Custom $$, реагировать $ и реагировать $$, пользователь может найти элементы и выполнить нужные операции. Давайте углубимся в каждый из этих локаторов Selenium в этом учебном руководстве по WebdriverIO для тестирования автоматизации Selenium с примерами DOM.
CSS Query Selector
Первый локатор в этом учебнике WebdriverIO для тестирования автоматизации Selenium — это селектор CSS Query, который используется для поиска элемента из DOM.
Как вы можете найти CSS Query?
Зайдите в инструменты разработчика, найдите элемент и щелкните правой кнопкой мыши на Выбранном элементе в DOM и скопируйте опцию селектора CSS.
Синтаксис: $('CSS Query');
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("CSS Query Selector", function() { $("body > div.ng-scope > div > div > ul").click(); });}); |
Выход:
Когда вы запустили приведенный выше скрипт, вы можете найти консольный журнал и заметить, что WebdriverIO преобразован в метод findElement с помощью стратегии селектора CSS.
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[0-0] 2019-12-24T10:34:19.689Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("css selector", "body > div.ng-scope > div > div > ul")[0-0] 2019-12-24T10:34:19.689Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/839505649081eaf3bef60a252593f2f9/element[0-0] 2019-12-24T10:34:19.689Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'css selector', value: 'body > div.ng-scope > div > div > ul' } |
Помните, что иногда использование селектора запросов CSS может привести к поиску нескольких элементов в виде листа CSS, используемого для всего сайта. Теперь давайте перейдем к следующему локатору Selenium в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO.
Текст ссылки
Веб-сайт состоит из различных типов компонентов, таких как текстовое поле, ссылки, раскрывающийся список и т. Д. Даже одна веб-страница может иметь множество ссылок на нее. Выбор конкретной ссылки для вашего скрипта автоматизации Selenium может стать сложной задачей. Именно здесь вступает в игру ссылка Text Selenium Locators для WebdriverIO. Если вы хотите найти какую-либо гиперссылку, используйте эту стратегию выбора текста ссылки.
Синтаксис: $('=anchorText');
Здесь знак = равно используется для поиска элемента привязки с «конкретным текстом».
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert");describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Link Text Example", function() { $("=Automation").click(); });}); |
Когда вы запустите приведенный выше скрипт тестирования автоматизации, вы сможете найти консольный журнал. Если вы заметили журналы, вы заметите, что WebdriverIO автоматически обнаружил метод findElement со стратегией текста ссылки.
Выход:
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0-0] 2019-12-24T10:58:56.640Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("link text", "Automation")[0-0] 2019-12-24T10:58:56.640Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/0a34df231b0b77c5e0e4d687a14829a2/element[0-0] 2019-12-24T10:58:56.640Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'link text', value: 'Automation' } |
Будьте осторожны с элементами, выбираемыми этим Selenium Locator в WebdriverIO, так как это может привести к нескольким якорям с одинаковым текстом ссылки. Теперь, когда мы знаем текст ссылки, давайте теперь перейдем к локатору текста частичной ссылки в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO.
Частичная ссылка
Частичный текст ссылки аналогичен тексту ссылки, но единственное отличие состоит в том, что это помогает, когда начальные несколько символов ссылки фиксированы, а остальные являются динамическими.
Синтаксис: $('=anchorMatchedText');
* = начало, равное знаку, используется для поиска элемента привязки с сопоставленным текстом ‘.
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$("=Automa") |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert");describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Partial Link Text Example", function() { $("*=Automa").click(); });}); |
Когда вы запустите приведенный выше скрипт, вы сможете найти консольный журнал и заметить, что WebdriverIO преобразован в метод findElement с текстовой стратегией частичной ссылки.
Выход:
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$(‘elementTag=certain text’); used for fixed text$(‘elementTag*=partial text’); used for partial text |
Элемент с определенным текстом
В HTML каждый тег известен как элемент, и немногие элементы имеют прямой текст, а несколько элементов обернуты вокруг других тегов. Если вы хотите найти элемент, имеющий определенный или частичный текст, то этот селектор предпочтительнее использовать.
Во время тестирования автоматизации Selenium с использованием Java вы должны использовать XPath с методом normalize-space (), чтобы найти текст вместе с тегом HTML, если вы хотите найти тег HTML с некоторым текстом, но WebdriverIO использует описанный ниже метод.
Синтаксис:
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$(‘elementTag=certain text’); used for fixed text$(‘elementTag*=partial text’); used for partial text |
Этот селектор получает помощь от знака = (равно) и знака * = (начало равно).
Например, чтобы найти Cross Browser Testing Cloud снизу тега H1, с помощью этой команды $ («h1 = Cross Browser Testing Cloud»)
<h1 class = ”big_title text_shadow_black __web-inspector-hide-shortcut __”> Кросс-браузерное тестирование облака </ h1>
То же самое будет работать для класса и атрибута ID элементов. Например:
$ (‘# id = определенный текст’); используется для фиксированного текста
$ (‘# id * = определенный текст’); используется для частичного текста
$ (‘. classname = определенный текст’); используется для фиксированного текста
$ (‘. classname * = частичный текст’); используется для частичного текста
Здесь # используется, когда вы хотите найти элементы по ID и. (точка) используется для имени класса.
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Element with certain text Example", function() { $("h1=Cross Browser Testing Cloud").click(); }); it("Element with Partial text Example", function() { $("h1*=Cross Browser Testing").click(); });}); |
Когда вы запустите приведенный выше скрипт, вы сможете найти консольный журнал и заметить, что WebdriverIO преобразован в метод findElement с помощью «normalize-space ()» и «contains ()».
Выход:
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[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.082Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("xpath", ".//h1[normalize-space() = "Cross Browser Testing Cloud"]")[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.082Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/423097da27eadf53b1fac0f11655e9be/element[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.083Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'xpath', value: './/h1[normalize-space() = "Cross Browser Testing Cloud"]' }[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.099Z INFO webdriver: RESULT { 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf': '03328283-f372-423c-8218-48759ac98631' }[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.104Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND elementClick("03328283-f372-423c-8218-48759ac98631")[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.105Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/423097da27eadf53b1fac0f11655e9be/element/03328283-f372-423c-8218-48759ac98631/click[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.151Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("xpath", ".//h1[contains(., "Cross Browser Testing")]")[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.151Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/423097da27eadf53b1fac0f11655e9be/element[0-0] 2019-12-24T11:39:33.151Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'xpath', value: './/h1[contains(., "Cross Browser Testing")]' } |
Теперь давайте взглянем на локатор имен тегов в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO для тестирования автоматизации Selenium.
Название тэга
Мы используем селектор имени тега, чтобы найти элемент, используя любой тег HTML. Это очень редко используемый локатор Selenium. Однако это очень важно, если вы имеете дело с таблицами или элементами календаря. Во время тестирования автоматизации Selenium вы можете передать имя тега как <tag> или <tag />.
Синтаксис:
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$(‘<tag>’);$(‘<tag />’); |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert");describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Tag Name Example", function() { $("<h1>").getText(); });}); |
Вот выходные данные, когда вышеуказанный скрипт тестирования автоматизации Selenium выполняется в WebdriverIO.
Выход:
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[0-0] 2019-12-26T10:07:37.804Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("tag name", "h1")[0-0] 2019-12-26T10:07:37.804Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/d67eadf284b85ecd1e641855c194937b/element2019-12-26T10:07:37.804Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'tag name', value: 'h1' } |
название
Этот локатор Selenium похож на локатор ID в Selenium. Иногда веб-разработчик дает имя узлу HTML. Если у узла есть атрибут name, то предпочтительно включить локатор Name в тестирование автоматизации Selenium. Селектор имени должен быть в квадратных скобках с атрибутом имени.
Синтаксис:
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$(‘[<name attribute>]’) |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Name Example", function() { $("[name = 'email']").setValue("123"); }); }); |
Выход:
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[0-0] 2019-12-26T10:15:08.208Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("css selector", "[name = 'email']")[0-0] 2019-12-26T10:15:08.208Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/aee87e328f63eb11678a49adce17df4b/element[0-0] 2019-12-26T10:15:08.208Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'css selector', value: '[name = \'email\']' } |
XPath
Чрезвычайно ключевой локатор Selenium из этого руководства по WebdriverIO. Также в WebDriverIO вы можете написать абсолютный XPath и относительный XPath. Абсолютный XPath начинается с / slash, а относительный начинается с // slash. Это очень сильный и часто используемый селектор / локатор для идентификации элементов с помощью автоматизации тестирования Selenium.
Следующие специальные символы используются при написании XPath.
, — Точка означает, что выбор начинается с текущего узла
* — Звезда означает выбрать любой узел
/ — Одиночная косая черта означает, что начинается с корневого узла и используется для абсолютного XPath
// — Двойная косая черта означает поиск узла с использованием относительного XPath
[] — квадратная скобка, используемая для индекса, а также для поиска XPath путем передачи атрибута и его значения
@ — используется для идентификации атрибута HTML в XPath
Синтаксис для абсолютного XPath:
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$(‘<starts with /body>’); |
Синтаксис для относительного XPath:
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$(‘<starts with .//>’); |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Xpath - Absolute Example", function() { $("/html/body/div[2]/section[1]/div/div/h1").getText(); }); it("Xpath - Relative Example", function() { $(".//h1[@class='big_title text_shadow_black']").getText(); });}); |
Когда вы запустите приведенный выше скрипт, вы сможете найти консольный журнал. Обратите внимание, что WebdriverIO преобразован в метод findElement с помощью «XPath».
Выход:
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[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.674Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("xpath", "/html/body/div[2]/section[1]/div/div/h1")[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.675Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/5f6efebb541063139a91dec5d13c32f6/element2019-12-25T17:54:37.675Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'xpath', value: '/html/body/div[2]/section[1]/div/div/h1' }[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.688Z INFO webdriver: RESULT { 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf': 'bc244c90-ed18-4d94-9b7a-d026ba7d70d4' }[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.694Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND getElementText("bc244c90-ed18-4d94-9b7a-d026ba7d70d4")[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.694Z INFO webdriver: [GET] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/5f6efebb541063139a91dec5d13c32f6/element/bc244c90-ed18-4d94-9b7a-d026ba7d70d4/text[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.709Z INFO webdriver: RESULT Cross Browser Testing Cloud[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.710Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("xpath", ".//h1[@class='big_title text_shadow_black']")[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.710Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/5f6efebb541063139a91dec5d13c32f6/element[0-0] 2019-12-25T17:54:37.710Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'xpath', value: './/h1[@class=\'big_title text_shadow_black\']' } |
МНЕ БЫ
Еще один важный Selenium Locator из этого руководства по WebdriverIO. ID является чрезвычайно мощным селектором для поиска элемента из DOM. Это всегда уникальный элемент в DOM. Еще одна важная вещь заключается в том, что если вы хотите ускорить выполнение вашей автоматизации, то это обязательное использование локатора для тестирования автоматизации Selenium. Идентификатор напрямую получает запрос из DOM, тогда как XPath сканирует документы на основе относительного или абсолютного пути, что является трудоемким методом.
# знак используется для поиска элементов по идентификатору.
Синтаксис:
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$(#<idname>); |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("ID Example", function() { $("#email").setValue("123"); });}); |
Теперь здесь вы должны наблюдать этот выходной журнал. Когда вы запустите вышеприведенный скрипт, вы увидите, что селектор идентификатора внутренне преобразуется в селектор CSS и находит элемент.
Выход:
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[0-0] 2019-12-25T18:29:26.359Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("css selector", "#email")[0-0] 2019-12-25T18:29:26.360Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/52e465fa0b2d0dacaf976994dd1edc60/element2019-12-25T18:29:26.360Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'css selector', value: '#email' } |
Теперь мы рассмотрели обычные локаторы Selenium в WebdriverIO. Далее мы рассмотрим расширенные локаторы / селекторы Selenium в этом руководстве по WebdriverIO.
Селекторы цепей
Иногда бывает трудно найти элемент, который не имеет идентификатора, имени, строк и ячеек таблицы, в таком случае этот селектор цепей помогает вам получить ваш уникальный элемент. Для этого нет конкретного символа, но вы просто вызываете $ (). $ (), Пока не найдете нужный элемент по знаку точки (.).
Примечание. Селектор / локатор цепочки использует концепцию родитель-потомок. Поэтому элемент Next цепочки должен попадать под селектор родительской цепочки.
Синтаксис:
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$(selector).$(selector).$(selector) |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Chain - Selector Example", function() { $("#login_form") .$(".//table[@role='presentation']") .$("#email") .setValue("123"); });}); |
Когда скрипт выполняется, каждый элемент начинает поиск элемента один за другим, пока не достигнет последнего элемента. Сначала он использует findElement (), а затем вызывает findElementFromElement ().
Выход:
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0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.748Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElement("css selector", "#login_form")[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.748Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/3f354aaa54fb0ffee1fdf547ad3d9b04/element[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.748Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'css selector', value: '#login_form' }[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.760Z INFO webdriver: RESULT { 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf': 'f0736c61-735d-4cc8-82e1-1fd1e0f47b39' }[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.766Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElementFromElement("f0736c61-735d-4cc8-82e1-1fd1e0f47b39", "xpath", ".//table[@role='presentation']")[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.766Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/3f354aaa54fb0ffee1fdf547ad3d9b04/element/f0736c61-735d-4cc8-82e1-1fd1e0f47b39/element[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.766Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'xpath', value: './/table[@role=\'presentation\']' }[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.778Z INFO webdriver: RESULT { 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf': 'ab53a7ad-fc8d-4081-810d-745b001fad02' }[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.779Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND findElementFromElement("ab53a7ad-fc8d-4081-810d-745b001fad02", "css selector", "#email")[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.780Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/3f354aaa54fb0ffee1fdf547ad3d9b04/element/ab53a7ad-fc8d-4081-810d-745b001fad02/element[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.780Z INFO webdriver: DATA { using: 'css selector', value: '#email' }[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.789Z INFO webdriver: RESULT { 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf': '090696e4-585f-442c-a39d-dfe98f4d5d78' }[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.791Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND elementClear("090696e4-585f-442c-a39d-dfe98f4d5d78")[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.791Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/3f354aaa54fb0ffee1fdf547ad3d9b04/element/090696e4-585f-442c-a39d-dfe98f4d5d78/clear[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.817Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND elementSendKeys("090696e4-585f-442c-a39d-dfe98f4d5d78", "123")[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.817Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/3f354aaa54fb0ffee1fdf547ad3d9b04/element/090696e4-585f-442c-a39d-dfe98f4d5d78/value[0-0] 2019-12-26T06:14:22.817Z INFO webdriver: DATA { text: '123' } |
Функция JS
WebdriverIO поддерживает JS-селектор / локатор для поиска элементов с использованием JavaScript.
Синтаксис:
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$(function() {return <JS script>}) |
Пример:
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const assert = require("assert"); describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("JS Function Example", function() { const elem = $("//*[@id='navbarSupportedContent']/ul/li[1]"); console.log( elem .$(function() { return this.nextSibling.nextSibling; }) .getText() ); });}); |
Веб-элементы, хранящиеся в переменной, а затем JS-функции вызывают с помощью if $ (). Он преобразовал внутренне executeScript ().
Выход:
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[0-0] 2019-12-25T18:49:26.477Z INFO webdriver: COMMAND executeScript(<fn>, <object>)[0-0] 2019-12-25T18:49:26.477Z INFO webdriver: [POST] http://127.0.0.1:4444/session/7ad49103a958fbdf72f36aa974c04f39/execute/sync[0-0] 2019-12-25T18:49:26.477Z INFO webdriver: DATA { script: 'return (function (elem) {\n return (function () {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn this.nextSibling.nextSibling;\n\t\t\t\t}).call(elem);\n }).apply(null, arguments)', args: [ { 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf': 'b6cb6661-b048-418f-b1f8-58ed3f9836fe', ELEMENT: 'b6cb6661-b048-418f-b1f8-58ed3f9836fe' } ] }<h2>React Selector</h2><p>React is another one of the advanced locators in WebdriverIO which has been provided to create custom react components for mobile apps. WebDriverIO has provided a feature that you can directly find an element using the react$() method.</p><p>react$$() method helps to find an array of WebDriverIO elements.</p><p><strong>Syntax:</strong></p><div><div id="highlighter_552549" class="syntaxhighlighter java"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="java plain">react$(‘ReactComponent’);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><strong>Let’s understand by below React Native Example:</strong></p><pre class="brush:js">import React from 'react'import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' function RootComponent() { return ( <div> RootComponent </div> )}function App() { return (<RootComponent />)}ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.querySelector('#root'))</pre><p>In the above example, ‘<strong>RootComponent</strong>’ is a react component and when it renders within HTML element with id=’root’.</p><p>This RootComponent can be found by react$() and below is the example:</p><div><div id="highlighter_389847" class="syntaxhighlighter java"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="java keyword">const</code> <code class="java plain">rootComponent = browser.react$(‘RootComponent’);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><h2>Custom Selector</h2><p>One of the most convenient Selenium locators/ selectors in WebdriverIO which comes handy when facing complex scenarios for Selenium automation testing. The Custom selector allows you to use a customized strategy declared by using browser.addLocatorStrategy.</p><p>custom$$() method helps to find an array of WebDriverIO elements.</p><p><strong>Syntax:</strong></p><div><div id="highlighter_972796" class="syntaxhighlighter java"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="java plain">browser.custom$(strategyName, strategyArguments)</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><strong>Example:</strong></p><pre class="brush:js">const assert = require("assert");describe("Selector Example", function() { it("Open URL", function() { }); it("Custom Selector Example - ", () => { browser.addLocatorStrategy("emailById", selector => { return document.querySelectorAll(selector); }); const emailID = browser.custom$("emailById", "#email"); });});</pre><p>With the help of addLocatorStrategy(), we have created ‘<strong>emailById</strong>’ custom selector for the email ID field and we can use <strong>emailById</strong> selector using the custom$() method. Internally, WebDriverIO converts custom$() into executeScript() and finds the element.</p><p><strong>Note:</strong> In this WebdriverIO tutorial, we have discussed single $() which helps to deal with a single element. All these selectors can be used with $$() for the array of WebDriverIO.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>WebDriverIO is one of the top JavaScript testing frameworks and when you look at the variety it offers for you to locate elements in a web page, you would be sure to make a note of it for your upcoming projects. It has a very unique selector choice including react$ and custom$ selectors. WebDriverIO has single way to find the element but has different signs for selector e.g * , *=, .(period) and # different. I am sure that this WebdriverIO tutorial will help you to take your knowledge on test automation to the next step. Happy testing!</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/register?redirect_to=/2020/02/how-webdriverio-uses-selenium-locators-in-a-unique-way-a-webdriverio-tutorial-with-examples.html"><img src="//www.javacodegeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Adword-Cyber2.jpg.webp" alt="" class="wp-image-101468" width="698" height="135" srcset="//www.javacodegeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Adword-Cyber2.jpg.webp 930w, //www.javacodegeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Adword-Cyber2-300x58.jpg.webp 300w, //www.javacodegeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Adword-Cyber2-768x149.jpg.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px"></a></figure><div class="attribution"><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Published on Java Code Geeks with permission by Ramit Dhamija, partner at our <a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/join-us/jcg/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JCG program</a>. See the original article here: <a href="https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/how-webdriverio-uses-selenium-locators/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How WebdriverIO Uses Selenium Locators in a Unique Way – A WebdriverIO Tutorial With Examples</a></p><p>Opinions expressed by Java Code Geeks contributors are their own.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><span style="display:none"><a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/tag/framework" rel="tag">framework</a> <a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/tag/selenium" rel="tag">Selenium</a> <a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/tag/webdriverio" rel="tag">WebdriverIO</a></span> <span style="display:none" class="updated">2020-02-07</span><div style="display:none" class="vcard author" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><strong class="fn" itemprop="name"><a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/author/ramit-dhamija" title="Posts by Ramit Dhamija" rel="author">Ramit Dhamija</a></strong></div><p class="post-tag">Tagged with: <a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/tag/framework" rel="tag">framework</a> <a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/tag/selenium" rel="tag">Selenium</a> <a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/tag/webdriverio" rel="tag">WebdriverIO</a></p><div class="e3lan-post"><div id="div-gpt-ad-1415445260332-5" style="float:left; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span class="bt-uid-tg" data-uid="5c91633991-158" style="display: none !important"></span></div></div><div class="post-metrics"><span id="post-ratings-101740" class="post-ratings" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/login?redirect_to=/2020/02/how-webdriverio-uses-selenium-locators-in-a-unique-way-a-webdriverio-tutorial-with-examples.html"><img src="//www.javacodegeeks.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/thumbs/rating_1_off.png" alt="" title="" class="post-ratings-image"></a><a href="//www.javacodegeeks.com/login?redirect_to=/2020/02/how-webdriverio-uses-selenium-locators-in-a-unique-way-a-webdriverio-tutorial-with-examples.html"><img src="//www.javacodegeeks.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/thumbs/rating_2_off.png" alt="" title="" class="post-ratings-image"></a> (<em><strong>0</strong> rating, <strong>0</strong> votes</em>)<br><em id="rate-no-perm">You need to be a registered member to rate this.</em><meta itemprop="name" content="How WebdriverIO Uses Selenium Locators in a Unique Way – A WebdriverIO Tutorial With Examples"><meta itemprop="headline" content="How WebdriverIO Uses Selenium Locators in a Unique Way – A WebdriverIO Tutorial With Examples"><meta itemprop="description" content="In any automation testing framework, finding elements is the most fundamental activity. 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