Если вы не хотите иметь специальное оборудование для быстрой настройки и исследования, виртуальная машина будет правильным выбором.
Настройка виртуальной машины
Шаг 1. Загрузите проигрыватель виртуальной машины.
Вы можете скачать VM Player бесплатно здесь .
Идите вперед и установите на свой хост ОС.
Шаг 2. Загрузите виртуальную машину
Вы можете скачать легальное изображение CentOs6 здесь .
Вы даже можете загрузить виртуальную машину Cloudera Quick Start, предназначенную для больших объемов данных.
После загрузки распакуйте его в подходящее место в вашей операционной системе.
Шаг 3: Запустите виртуальную машину
Нажмите «Открыть виртуальную машину». Выберите тот, который вы уже извлекли
Нажмите «Играть на виртуальной машине»
Возможно, вам придется помочь VM Player, когда появится сообщение «Я скопировал»
Войти с паролем «Томтом»
Успешный вход в систему покажет экран рабочего стола
Настройка Java
Шаг 1: Убедитесь, что система CentOS полностью обновлена
Станьте суперпользователем и запустите yum update
[tom@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost tom]# yum update
Шаг 2: Установите JDK
[root@localhost tom]# yum search java | grep -i --color 'JDK'
В Windows это процесс установки в один клик
[root@localhost tom]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64
[root@localhost tom]# javac -version
javac 1.7.0_55
В CentOS6 JDK устанавливается в следующую папку
[root@localhost java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.55.x86_64]# ll /usr/lib/jvm
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Jun 20 10:29 java -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Jun 20 10:29 java-1.7.0 -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_1.7.0
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jun 20 10:29 java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.55.x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Jun 20 10:29 java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.55.x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Jun 20 10:29 java-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/java_sdk_openjdk
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Jun 20 10:29 jre -> /etc/alternatives/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jun 20 10:29 jre-1.7.0 -> /etc/alternatives/jre_1.7.0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Jun 20 10:29 jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 -> java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.55.x86_64/jre
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jun 20 10:29 jre-openjdk -> /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk
<pre>Настройка Hadoop
Шаг 3: Создайте нового пользователя для запуска hadoop
[root@localhost ~]# useradd hadoop
[root@localhost ~]# passwd hadoop
Changing password for user hadoop.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost ~]#
Шаг 4: Загрузите Hadoop
[tom@localhost ~]$ su hadoop
Password:
[hadoop@localhost ~]$
[hadoop@localhost Downloads]$ wget 'http://apache.arvixe.com/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.2.0/hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz'
[hadoop@localhost Downloads]$ tar -xvf hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz
На данный момент мы можем поместить hadoop в папку / usr / share / hadoop
</pre>
[root@localhost Downloads]# mkdir /usr/share/hadoop
[root@localhost Downloads]# mv hadoop-2.2.0 /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0
<pre>Шаг 5: Смена владельца
[root@localhost Downloads]# cd /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/
[root@localhost share]# chown -R hadoop hadoop
[root@localhost share]# chgrp -R hadoop hadoop
Step 6: Update Environment Variables
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.55.x86_64
HADOOP_HOME=/usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0
export JAVA_HOME
export HADOOP_HOME
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin
export PATH
Things are all easy in Windows
[hadoop@localhost Downloads]$ source ~/.bash_profile
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ vi /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
# The java implementation to use.
#export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.55.x86_64
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_HOME/lib"
Step 7: Test Hadoop
[hadoop@localhost Downloads]$ hadoop version
Hadoop 2.2.0
Subversion https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common -r 1529768
Compiled by hortonmu on 2013-10-07T06:28Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 79e53ce7994d1628b240f09af91e1af4
This command was run using /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.2.0.jar
Step 8: Fix SSH Issues
If you are getting SSH related issues while starting dfs (name node,data node or yarn), it could be that SSH is not installed or running.
Issue#1:
<h4></h4>
<h4>[hadoop@localhost ~]$ start-dfs.sh</h4>
VM: ssh: Could not resolve hostname VM: Name or service not known
Issue#2:
<h5>[hadoop@localhost Downloads]$ ssh localhost</h5>
ssh: connect to host localhost port 22: Connection refused
Solution
Install SSH server/client
[root@localhost Downloads]$ yum -y install openssh-server openssh-clients
Enable SSH
[root@localhost Downloads] chkconfig sshd on
[root@localhost Downloads] service sshd start
Generating SSH1 RSA host key: [ OK ]
Generating SSH2 RSA host key: [ OK ]
Generating SSH2 DSA host key: [ OK ]
Starting sshd: [ OK ]
[root@localhost Downloads]#
Make sure port 22 is open
[root@localhost Downloads]# netstat -tulpn | grep :22
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8662/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 8662/sshd
Create empty phrase SSH keys so that you don’t have to enter password manually, while hadoop works
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
08:d6:c1:66:2c:c8:c5:7b:96:d8:cb:fc:8d:19:16:38 hadoop@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
| . +.o. |
| o o.=. |
| oB.o |
| .o.E.. |
| =.oS. |
| + o |
| o = |
| + . |
| |
+-----------------+
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[hadoop@localhost ~]$
Verify that doing SSH does not prompt for password
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ ssh localhost
Last login: Fri Jun 20 15:08:09 2014 from localhost.localdomain
[hadoop@localhost ~]$
Start all Components
[hadoop@localhost Desktop]$ start-all.sh
[hadoop@localhost Desktop]$ jps
3542 NodeManager
3447 ResourceManager
3576 Jps
Hadoop Cluster
HDFS
Running Hadoop in Pseudo-Distributed mode
Step 1: Update core-site.xml
Add the following to core-site.xml
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
</configuration>
Step 2: Update hdfs-site.xml
Add the following to hdfs-site.xml
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permissions</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>
<pre>Step 3: Update mapred-site.xml
Add the following to mapred-site.xml
</pre>
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapred.system.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hadoop/mapred/system</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapred.local.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hadoop/mapred/local</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:8021</value>
</property>
</configuration>
Step 3: Update yarn-site.xml
Add the following to yarn-site.xml
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
<value>localhost:8032</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
</configuration>
Step 4: Name node format
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ hdfs namenode -format
14/06/20 21:19:34 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = localhost.localdomain/127.0.0.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/etc/hadoop:/usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.2.0.jar *****
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common -r 1529768; compiled by 'hortonmu' on 2013-10-07T06:28Z
STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_55
************************************************************/
14/06/20 21:19:34 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
14/06/20 21:19:35 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Formatting using clusterid: CID-d9351768-346c-43e4-b0f2-5a182a12ec4a
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.HostFileManager: read includes:
HostSet(
)
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.HostFileManager: read excludes:
HostSet(
)
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory = 966.7 MB
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication = 3
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication = 512
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication = 1
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams = 2
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: shouldCheckForEnoughRacks = false
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer = false
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner = hadoop (auth:SIMPLE)
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup = supergroup
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = false
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory = 966.7 MB
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension = 30000
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map Namenode Retry Cache
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory = 966.7 MB
14/06/20 21:19:36 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^15 = 32768 entries
14/06/20 21:19:37 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
14/06/20 21:19:37 INFO namenode.FSImage: Saving image file /home/hadoop/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression
14/06/20 21:19:37 INFO namenode.FSImage: Image file /home/hadoop/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 198 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
14/06/20 21:19:37 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
14/06/20 21:19:37 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
14/06/20 21:19:37 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at localhost.localdomain/127.0.0.1
************************************************************/
[hadoop@localhost ~]$
Step 5: Start Hadoop components
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
14/06/20 21:22:54 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-localhost.localdomain.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-localhost.localdomain.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/share/hadoop/2.2.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-localhost.localdomain.out
14/06/20 21:23:26 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
starting yarn daemons
resourcemanager running as process 3447. Stop it first.
localhost: nodemanager running as process 3542. Stop it first.
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ jps
3542 NodeManager
5113 DataNode
5481 Jps
5286 SecondaryNameNode
5016 NameNode
3447 ResourceManager
Step 5: Stop Hadoop components
[hadoop@localhost ~]$ stop-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh
14/06/20 21:27:55 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Stopping namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: stopping namenode
localhost: stopping datanode
Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode
14/06/20 21:28:18 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
stopping yarn daemons
stopping resourcemanager
localhost: stopping nodemanager
no proxyserver to stop
Windows Issues
Issue #1: JAVA_HOME related issue
Solution : set it differently
Issue #2: Failed to locate winutils binary
Solution : Download this and copy hadoop-common-2.2.0/bin folder and paste them to HADOOP_HOME/bin folder. Alternatively you can build hadoop for your own environment as described here.
Issue #3: “The system cannot find the batch label specified”
Solution :Download unix2dos from here and run on all the hadoop batch files.